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联合国成立工作组应对霍尔木兹海峡危机_我的网站
A | UNITED NATIONS -- Growing gang violence in Haiti is devastating the lives of its people, with major crimes rising to a new high, the U.N. special envoy for the conflict-wracked Caribbean nations said Monday.Maria Isabel Salvador told the U.N. Security Council that every day sees gangs engaging in killings, sexual violence including collective rapes and mutilation, and kidnapping. She pointed to last week's incident in which gang members dressed as police officers kidnapped the secretary general of the High Transitional Council, which is responsible for ensuring that long-delayed elections are held.Salvador said the security crisis is even more complex because vigilante groups that have taken to fighting the gangs are still active. Between April 24 and Sept. 30, she said, the U.N. political mission “registered the lynching of at least 395 alleged gang members across all 10 departments of Haiti by the so called `Bwa Kale’ vigilante movement.”Catherine Russell, head of the U.N. children’s agency UNICEF, echoed Salvador, telling the council: “The crisis in Haiti grows worse by the day.”An estimated 2 million people, including 1.6 million women and children, live in areas under gang control, she said, and children are getting killed and injured in crossfire, some on the way to school. “Others are being forcibly recruited or they are joining armed groups out of sheer desperation,” Russell said.She said half of Haiti’s population, including 3 million children, need aid — and half of those in need aren’t getting it because of insecurity and a lack of funding. So far, this year, she said, the U.N. has received barely 25% of the $720 million it needs for humanitarian needs in the country.Since 2022, Russell said, UNICEF has seen “an unprecedented 30% increase in the number of Haitian children suffering from severe wasting” — to more than 115,000. Severe wasting is the most lethal type of malnutrition, in which food is so lacking that a child’s immune system is compromised, according to UNICEF.“The malnutrition crisis coincides with an ongoing cholera outbreak — in which nearly half of the more than suspected cases are children under 14,” Russell added. Salvador stressed “the enormous significance” of the Security Council’s Oct. 2 approval of a resolution authorizing a multinational force led by Kenya to deploy in Haiti to help combat gangs. Kenya’s Cabinet gave its approval Oct. 13, but its Parliament still must sign off.U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in a report to the council circulated Monday welcomed Kenya’s offer and thanked Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas and Jamaica for publicly committing to contributing personnel to the mission.The council’s approval came nearly a year after Haiti’s prime minister called for the immediate deployment of an armed force, in hopes it could quell gang violence and restore security so Haiti can hold elections. Haiti lost its last democratically elected institution in January, when the terms of 10 remaining senators expired, leaving not a single lawmaker in the House or Senate. Since the July 2021 assassination of President Jovenel Moïse, Prime Minister Ariel Henry has been governing with the backing of the international community.Salvador told the council she continues to engage with a wide range of Haitians, “encouraging their full commitment to national dialogue efforts to get onto a path to elections to fully re-establish democratic institutions and the rule of law.”But, she said, “significant differences persist, all of which are critical to placing Haiti on a clear path to elections,” adding that “the efforts towards elections are not moving at a desired pace.”。 当地时间8月24日，联合国秘书长古特雷斯在记者会上表示，当前中东冲突及俄乌冲突正通过扰乱海上航运，对全球贸易、能源和粮食供应造成严重影响。霍尔木兹海峡、红海及黑海的航运受阻，导致石油、化肥、粮食等重要物资运输受限，油价、集装箱运费和化肥成本大幅上涨，进一步加剧全球饥饿和弱势群体的困难。古特雷斯强调，航行权利和自由是国际法确立的基本原则，也是维护国际和平、安全及全球经济稳定的重要基础。他呼吁各方尊重国际法、国际海洋法和国际人道法，保护民用船舶、基础设施和海员，并立即停止针对商业航运的袭击。
B | 古特雷斯介绍，为应对霍尔木兹海峡危机，联合国已成立工作组，计划建立由联合国协调的登记、核查、监测和冲突降级机制，初期重点保障化肥及相关原材料运输。秘书长指出，该机制不会改变任何国家的主权权利，也不会取代恢复航行自由及解决冲突所需的政治努力，但可作为降低风险、保障必需品运输和重建信任的务实第一步。（央视新闻）。
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